Marketing Creativity - Idea Trends Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Showcasing Creativity - Idea Trends - Essay Example Thought patterns are basic in the business world since they structure the core of any business. This is typically paying little mind to what phase of improvement the business has reached. New organizations need thought inclines so as to enable the business visionary to get excited about his undertaking. Thought patterns can change into business thoughts on the off chance that they are diverted the correct way. It is additionally significant for the effectively settled entrepreneur poor advertiser since it includes some zest into the running pieces of the business. In the wake of distinguishing a thought pattern, entrepreneurs need to think of a name for the thought pattern. This is on the grounds that it will permit the future entrepreneur to portray his perspectives utilizing this name. It sick likewise be instrumental in attempting to get to a type of financing for the venture or business. Before one can persuade another person about their thought, they have to initially give it a type of recognizable proof first. From there on, there is a need to place all these imaginative thoughts into composing. Entrepreneurs need to sort out their thought slants as a marketable strategy. In the event that one hopes to grab the eye of any speculator, they have to put their thought slants in this configuration. From there on, a business visionary needs to ask themselves how they can fire up a business based on that thought pattern. A portion of the issues that should be tended to incorporate money. It might take some time before another business fires getting or restoring a type of compensation to the financial specialist. It is along these lines significant for such an individual to guarantee, that they remain ahead by getting the important funds before beginning the business. Besides, a few nations may have a few guidelines about how they lead business. These lawful customs must be checked and actualized before a thought pattern can be produced into a flourishing business. 2 When the business is ready for action, it id shrewd for the business visionary to guarantee that he shares his energy and vision about his thought pattern to his colleagues and workers. Moreover, he ought to likewise guarantee that the item or administration he makes out of the thought pattern is something that the market can be keen on. Other than these, business visionaries ought to likewise deal with their accounts admirably. In the event that the thought pattern will require an excessive amount of capital contribution past their ability, at that point there is no utilization actualizing it in any case. An ever increasing number of individuals neglect to change thought patterns into flourishing organizations since they neglect to address one or the entirety of the accompanying prerequisites. ID of a particular thought pattern The thought pattern that will be concentrated in the paper beneath is the issue of sustainable power source particularly according to homes. There are numerous nations all through the world that have communicated their enthusiasm for the issue of sustainable power source. The world has gotten progressively cautious about their vitality consumptions. Governments have understood that thy need to utilize vitality supportability if there is any desire for dealing with their accounts or keeping up assets for the group of people yet to come. Insights show that The United States is the most noteworthy oil shopper on the planet. This implies the State is spending substantially more than it should. A portion of the significant reasons why sustainable power source has become a stressing issue and subsequently the possibility to turn into a thought pattern can be seen beneath 1) Using non-sustainable power source is a weight to the neighborhood oil purchaser 2) Using non-renewa

My Mothers Daughter free essay sample

I recollect the Christmas of ‘98. My mom was sobbing by the christmas tree. My sister was as yet a child at that point and didn't have the foggiest idea what was going on. I was befuddled; shouldn’t Christmas be a glad time? That was the first occasion when I understood that my family was flawed. I later discovered that my mother’s purpose behind sobbing was on the grounds that my dad was going through Christmas night with another lady, and numerous different evenings with her too. The picture of my mom crying on that portentous night despite everything makes me sad.I was destined to a criminal dad and a disastrous however savvy mother; it was sentimental enough yet damaging too. My dad was relative to a major honey bee; he pollinated the bloom and left the blossom and two buds alone with just their thistles to shield themselves in a huge and risky world. My folks were separated after my dad indicated damaging practices towards my mom. We will compose a custom exposition test on My Mothers Daughter or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page He would hit her and call her â€Å"ugly† and â€Å"fat†. He would acquire cash from obscure gatherings and put her name on their hit rundown of individuals they ought to pursue on the off chance that he stayed away forever the cash. At the point when he did that, it resembled he was marking my name on that rundown. It made me exceptionally pitiful. at the point when I was youthful, my dad removed everything that my mom and I could have lived on (our cash and our home) and chose not to be a major part of my life in any style. He left us with no kid support or any budgetary help. Along these lines, I was raised illegitimate by my mom.I was five and waving farewell to a man who was very nearly a removed reality behind a glass board at the air terminal. I didn't have a clue where I was going. Also, that was the last I saw of my dad. I was crying at that point. Times were troublesome after my mom and father seperated.There were times when we needed to go to carport deals to get our garments and Goodwill to get canned food. We moved to and from various transitory homes whose rooms were loaded up with stressed voices late around evening time; loaded up with discussion I couldn't yet comprehend. Supper was regularly a little bit of bread that we got off food stamps. I would take a gander at my mom and realize that she endured and relinquished so much to make sure I could live. The idea would fill me with guilt.I was too youthful to even think about feeling humiliated by our circumstance, yet thinking back, I envision how humiliated my mom more likely than not felt. All things considered, I trust it is better that we left my dad. my mom would have experienced quite a lot more unnecessary affliction. Time away from him would remove us from the disorder permit us to develop, to acknowledge the brokenness and separation ourselves from the confusion and savagery. Without him, love between a messed up family could bloom once more. Notwithstanding how she was treated by my dad, my mother consistently instructed me to approach others with deference and thoughtfulness. My mom, in spite of being beaten and manhandled, didn't get unfeeling however stayed caring. She was consistently prepared to provide for the individuals who were as tragic or much more heartbreaking than us. At the point when on numerous occasions, I saw my mom (practically poverty stricken) stop her vehicle and lower her window in the downpour, just to give the destitute the next to no she had, I decided to be a student, a supplier and a devotee. Quite a while later, in view of her words resounding, I made a trip to denied Ghana, Africa to endeavor to be my mother’s girl; to think about vagrants and give them that someone on the planet adores them. I was terrified and forlorn, without my family and without solaces like running water. In any case, I went past myself and path outside my usual range of familiarity to connect with kids who feel damaged as I did previously and gave them some place on the planet, someone thinks about them. I discovered that they were by and large truly and sincerely mishandled and begged the chief of the volunteer program to take them to a genuine home. I needed them to have a home, something I’ve never I’ve had. I needed to resemble my mom, who, in the wake of suffering such a large number of hardships since she needed to help me, didn’t desert me and gave me love and warmth.Though there was no running water, web, and food was rare, I was reimbursed in full every early morning when the African younger students welcomed me the second I strolled into the school with grins and energy on their appearances. â€Å"Yifu, yifu,† they would state. That was African for â€Å"white people.† I was upbeat and I felt so in contact with the world when I had the option to show these kids basic math, English, and wellbeing data, including guidance in regards to HIV. These were subjects that I was all around familiar with on the grounds that the U. S. commands that all youngsters go to class. These were subjects that solitary two or three these oppressed youngsters knew at all since quality training in Africa is saved for kids whose families can manage the cost of it. While the encounters I had at the school for oppressed children made me agonizingly mindful of how little these kids had, the conditions at the halfway house I was remaining at made meextremely upset. The lady who ran the halfway house was amazingly injurious and starved the youngsters, beat them with shut clench hands, and constrained them into kid work. I had a few kids disclose to me this verbally and I realized they were being honest by the slenderness of their bodies. A few youngsters were shielded from going to class to watch out for the shop this lady was benefitting from. At whatever point I came back to the halfway house from school or play, the vagrants would assemble around me and tail me joyfully and I never knew why. Steadily I understood the motivation behind why they were so upbeat at whatever point I was home was on the grounds that this lady couldn’t beat them before me. For those fourteen days until I left for home, I remained by the children’s side consistently, and made it a point to record each and every occasion in my diary. I would go for them on strolls and convey the most diminutive on my shoulders. I took care of them my food during dinner times. I would utilize my going through cash to get them the food they merited however never got from their guardian. I needed them to know so seriously that this Yifu from a far off land cherished them. Also, I think they realized that deciding from the grins on their faces.My involvement with Africa opened my eyes. One, it made me fully aware of the fact that I am so fortunate to live in the U.S. also, have individuals who care about me; to have somebody care for you and love you is genuinely an extravagance that not we all can say we have. Two, and all the more critically, I understood that that there’s a great deal of work to be done and a ton of help to be given. My fantasy is to be a clinician to help individuals with my conditions. School will assist me with getting there.When I was youthful and juvenile, a thoughtful lady instructed me to approach others with deference and generosity. At the point when I was harmed, a benevolent lady put a bandaid on my injury. At the point when I was close to nothing and wiped out, a benevolent mother was there next to me to check my temperature and hold my hand. Presently, it is my chance to be fearless. It’s my chance to clutch the hands of those in obscurity and promise them that they will again come around. I am not the result of a disordered and savage relationship; I am my mother’s little girl. My Mothers Daughter free exposition test There are numerous reactions to the inquiry, what right? I am short; I am lovely. I am an understudy; I am an educator. I am a sister; I am a grandma. If you somehow managed to ask me that inquiry, I would essentially say: I am my mother’s little girl. I have her hair, her face, her skin, her enthusiasm. I make them compose capacity, albeit most likely not to a similar degree. The entirety of this is mine, yet I don't have her. My mom kicked the bucket on April 21st, in 2007. I was credulous and twelve years of age that day. I had no clue pretty much the entirety of the agony I would need to come to acknowledge as I strolled into that emergency clinic room. There had been unpleasant occasions, as all youngsters and their moms have, however I currently realize that the entirety of that was for the most part because of medication and stress. My mom was the main individual in this world that really observed what my identity was, and adored me more than anything notwithstanding my destructions. We will compose a custom paper test on My Mothers Daughter or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page How does this depict who I am? I need to be a shorter imitation of my mom. My definitive legend throughout everyday life, this individual that was so little contrasted with the remainder of the world, was the light in my life and my most adoring nurturer. Therefore, I am, or endeavor to be, who my mom was. My mom was thoughtful. Her generosity was so veritable and crude, so guileless and delightful, that I don't on the off chance that I will ever contact her level in that perspective. She was cherishing, ceaselessly adoring. Furthermore, consequently, everybody cherished her, despite the fact that I don't accept that she saw this. Going to teachers’ retirement parties with her, I perceived how everybody appeared to rotate around her articulate elegance and magnificence. Her consideration and benevolence demonstrated like a light. She was, actually, the sun that pulled everybody in and demonstrated a light on them as well. She was affable as a general rule, consistently charita ble and circumspect. She made a decent attempt for me. Other than her maladies that I had no information on, her age held her back from being one of the dynamic, youthful moms that I saw. I can see the entirety of this now since knowing the past is, without a doubt, consistently 20/20. I know such a large number of a bigger number of aspects of my mom now than I did when she was alive. Her boundless consideration, even to those that she didn't care for, was one feature. Her feeling of family and love for them is another. I saw this with the amount she attempted to demonstrate lack of interest to my grandma, yet the amount she extremely simply needed endorsement. The week that my grandma passed my mom cried and became like a little young lady once more, the misfortune hitting her hard. The way that she talked about her dad, my granddad that kicked the bucket before I cou

20 Must-Read Short Story Collections by Women in Translation

20 Must-Read Short Story Collections by Women in Translation While looking back at my reading over the last few years, I noticed that many of my favorite books have been short story collections by women in translation. This came as a surprise to me initiallyâ€"I hadn’t realized I had even read that many short story collectionsâ€"but once I began to look these books over again I was struck anew by their brilliance. And so I sought out others to round out a list from around the world that will hopefully bring as much joy to you as the reading and compiling did for me. Because boy was compiling this list of 20 must-read short story collections by women in translation a pleasure! I dipped in and out of these stories with utter amazement, finding something for every mood, whim, and desire. Do you want to laugh? Maybe pick up  An Elderly Lady Is Up to No Good or The First Prehistoric Serial Killer. Is it October and you want to be utterly terrified and not sleep for days? There are so many options, from Revenge to Flowers of Mold to The Houseguest. Do you want to read a story so achingly perfect that youll never try to write again? Well, there are more than a few stories like that in these collections, but I would start by flipping to almost any story in The Woman Who Borrowed Memories. The list could go on. I wish you many hours of happy reading! 20 Must-Read Short Story Collections by Women in Translation The Houseguest by Amparo Dávila, translated by Audrey Harris and Matthew Gleeson The horrors of The Houseguest are rarely described on the page. They lurk in the margins. They haunt the shadows. And its this thrilling psychological tension that leaves you gasping for air after each story of desire, paranoia, and isolation.  Carmen Maria Machado writes  that Each of these stories is equal parts Hitchcock film and razor blade: austere, immaculately crafted, profoundly unsettling, and capable of cutting you. Amparo Dávila is Kafka by way of Ogawa, Aira by way of Carrington, Cortazár by way of Somers, and I’m so grateful she’s in translation. And do you really need more than that? Thirteen Months of Sunrise by  Rania Mamoun,  translated by Elisabeth Jaquette In this beautiful debut collection, Sudanese author, journalist, and activist Rania Mamoun crafts a complex and moving portrait of contemporary Sudan. Its a uniquely urban collection as Mamoun reflects on the isolation that can come with urban life, but she also depicts powerful stories of human connection and love. Youll feel these stories deeply in Elizabeth Jaquettes thoughtful translation. The First Prehistoric Serial Killer: And Other Stories  by Teresa Solana, translated by Peter Bush I love this short story collection and don’t think it gets nearly the attention it deserves! It is one of the funniest books, especially if you like dark humor. Very odd things happen in Teresa Solana’s stories. Statues decompose and stink out galleries. Two old grandmothers are vengeful killers. The first prehistoric serial killer is afoot, but so is the first detective. The collection also includes an interesting and fun web of stories that explore the darker side of Barcelona. Clever and effortlessly funny, this collection is a gem. Mouthful of Birds: Stories by Samanta Schweblin, translated by Megan McDowell Samanta Schweblin, author of the literary sensation  Fever Dream, returns with her first short story collection translated into English. Like  Fever Dream, I was struck by the elusive, almost unsatisfactory nature of the stories. Some are strikingly short. Others are carefully crafted to confound. All leave you wanting more and thinking about them long after. Strange and fantastic, dark and disturbing, the stories in  Mouthful of Birds  are sure to please fans of Schweblin’s uniquely unsettling style. The Woman Who Borrowed Memories: Selected Stories by Tove Jansson, translated by Thomas Teal and Silvester Mazzarella If youve ever read Tove Janssons classic The Summer Book, a novel that distills the essence of the summerâ€"its sunlight and stormsâ€"into twenty-two crystalline vignettes, then you wont be surprised that Janssons short stories are also exquisite. Dealing with many of the same themes as her longer works, her stories touch on art, nature, isolation and so much moreâ€"the various stages between sunlight and storm, the spectrum of shades between light and dark. In her introduction, Lauren Groff writes, We read Tove Jansson to remember that to be human is dangerous, but also breathtaking, beautiful. Aetherial Worlds: Stories by Tatyana Tolstaya, translated by Anya Migdal This fascinating collection from one of Russias most important contemporary writers transcends ordinary realities into dazzling other worlds of folklore and fantasy,  rendered with the emotional insight of Chekhov, the surreal satire of Gogol, and a unique blend of humor and poetry all her own. Rich and clever,  these stories explore  politics, identity, love, and loss in Tolstayas masterful voice. After finishing it, I rushed out to get her collection of essays  Pushkins Children: Writings on Russia and Russians, translated by Jamey Gambrell. The Complete Stories by Clarice Lispector, translated by Katrina Dodson Gathered from the nine collections published during her lifetime,  The Complete Stories captures Clarice Lispector in all of her “darkness and dazzle.” The stories, written during her adolescence all the way up until her death, are inventive and haunting, often about women at various stages of their lives. Some are more traditional than the novels she’s come to be known for, but as a whole the collection is a great way to “get” (or grasp at, at least) a sense of Lispector and her prose. You can dip in and out of these storiesâ€"86 in the hardcover and 89 in the paperback with three newly discovered storiesâ€"but I would recommend picking them up early in your reading of Lispector. Find your way into the other works of Clarice Lispector with this reading pathways post. The Sea Cloak   Other Stories by  Nayrouz Qarmout, translated by Perween Richards Author, journalist, and women’s rights campaigner Nayrouz Qarmout draws from her own experiences growing up in a Syrian refugee camp as well as her current life in Gaza in this collection of stories that looks at what it means to be a woman in Palestine today. Qarmout thoughtfully weaves together stories of conflict and strife with tales of ordinary life, resulting in a deep and moving collection. The Lonesome Bodybuilder by Yukiko Motoya, translated by Asa Yoneda I loved this collection of quirky and wonderful stories. Winner of the Akutagawa Prize and the Kenzaburo Oe Prize, Motoya is a magicianâ€"she takes mundane, daily life and just twists it into these amazingly strange and fantastic tales. In these stories, a newlywed notices that her husband’s features are sneakily sliding around his face to match hers, umbrellas are more than they seem, women are challenging their boyfriends to duels, and you might want to reconsider dating the girl next door. I’d recommend this collection to fans of Hiromi Kawakami. I Am the Brother of XX by Fleur Jaeggy, translated by Gini Alhadeff Once youve read one book by Fleur Jaeggyâ€"an undeniable master of the short formâ€"you wont want to read much else until youve finished all of her work. In these stories, which are so emblematic of her short, piercing style, Jaeggy writes of madness, obsession, and violence and “contrives to somehow stealthily possess your mind with her champagne gothic worlds [that are] seething with quiet violence. Her prose has been compared to shards of glass and cut gems and while I wont add to the descriptions, I will warn you nowâ€"you wont come away from these stories unscathed. An Elderly Lady Is Up to No Good by Helene Tursten, translated by Marlaine Delargy An Elderly Lady Is Up to No Good  is dark, funny, and oh so satisfying. Maud is an 88-year-old Swede who has no scruples about solving life’s problems with some lowkey murder. I enjoyed this story collection and have since picked up Helene Tursten’s mystery novels, including the Inspector Irene Huss series and the  first installment in her brand new series featuring Detective Inspector Embla Nyström,  Hunting Game.  An Elderly Lady  is also just such a great packageâ€"the title is fun and clever, the needlepoint cover is hilarious, and the small trim size finishes it off perfectly. Things We Lost in the Fire: Stories by Marianna Enríquez, translated by Megan McDowell I was blown away by this collection of dark, macabre short stories set in contemporary Argentina. They are stories of ghosts, disappearances, violence, inequality, and more, and I promise that you will be haunted by them. My favorites were stories of obsession like “The Dirty Kid” in which a young professional woman discovers that a local child has been killed and mutilated, and “The Neighbor’s Courtyard,” a story of an exâ€"social worker who believes her neighbor has a child chained up in the backyard. The collection is reminiscent of Shirley Jackson and I would recommend it to anyone who enjoyed Her Body and Other Parties: Stories  by Carmen Maria Machado. Flowers of Mold Other Stories by Ha Seong-Nan, translated by Janet Hong “If you’re looking for a book that will make you gasp out loud, you’ve found it.” So says  Kirkus Reviews  and dozens of other publications and reviewers who can’t stop talking about  Flowers of Mold, myself included. Unnerving, haunting, captivating, these ten stories follow ordinary characters going about their livesâ€"they have a nightmare, lend their neighbor a spatula, or find out their landlord wants to sell their building. But something disturbing lies just below the surface. One small crack and everything’s unleashed. “The latest in the trend of brilliant female Korean authors to appear in English, Ha cuts like a surgeon, and even the most mundane objects become menacing and unfamiliar under her scalpel.” The Complete Stories of Leonora Carrington by Leonora Carrington, translated by Kathrine Talbot and Anthony Kerrigan For the first time, all of surrealist artist and writer Leonora Carringtons short stories have been collected in one definitive volume, many of which are translated from French and Spanish. The result is a fiercely intelligent and fantastical collection. The stories themselves are pure flights of imagination, ranging from biting satire to the macabre, and even some outrageously comedic tales. A strange and surreal treat! Arid Dreams: Stories  By Duanwad Pimwana, translated by Mui Poopoksakul Duanwad Pimwana, an important literary figure in contemporary Thai literature, hit the U.S. literary scene by storm last April with two new books, both translated by Mui Poopoksakul. Bright, published by Two Lines Press, was the first-ever novel by a Thai woman to appear in translation. And Pimwana made her short story English debut with Arid Dreams, published by Feminist Press. In Arid Dreams,  Pimwana turns her keen eye and sharp wit on modern Thailand, as she explores issues of class and gender in insightful and subtly subversive stories. Revenge: Eleven Dark Tales by Yoko Ogawa, translated by Stephen Snyder I’m in awe of Yoko Ogawaâ€"shes published more than 20 works of fiction and nonfiction and has won every major Japanese literary award. Her range is incredible, from books like this dark collection to her touching novel The Housekeeper and the Professor  and her latest The Memory Police, her take on an  Orwellian novel of state surveillance. Revenge is an intricately interwoven collection of stories about grief, death, and yes, revenge, where each story stands alone but also connects in surprising ways to its fellows. This layered effect coupled with the subtle calm of Ogawas prose makes the disturbing elements of these stories feel even more chilling. Forgotten Journey by Silvina Ocampo, translated by Suzanne Jill Levine and Katie Lateef-Jan Silvina Ocampo is one of our best writers. Her stories have no equal in our literature, wrote Jorge Luis Borges. Now for the first time in English translation, readers can delight in all of the strange brilliance that is Silvina Ocampos first collection of stories, Forgotten Journey. Published alongside her novella The Promise, this collection is primarily concerned with the lives of young women and girls. Often menacing and strange, each story has a thrill to it, a dark joy that keeps you fixed to the collection. In her foreword, Carmen Boullosa writes of the often cited comparison between Ocampo and Julio Cortázar but argues instead that, While in his fabulous stories Cortázar discovered the unreal in everyday life, Silvina enters real, detailed, intimate spaces, which she observes with an eye that is intimate, real and detailed, and yet an eye from another world. Toddler Hunting And Other Stories  by Taeko Kono, translated by Lucy North Kenzaburo Oe calls Taeko Kono “the most carnally direct and the most lucidly intelligent woman writing in Japan” and its hard to disagree after reading the unsettling and striking stories in Toddler Hunting. Pleasure and pain mix in the lives of the women of Taeko Konos stories, as scenes  of sadomasochism and obsession veil her sharp attacks at the ideals of motherhood and femininity. Love in a Fallen City by Eileen Chang, translated by Karen S. Kingsbury Eileen Chang is one of the great writers of twentieth century China, and her first collection in English, Love in a Fallen City, introduced many readers to her incredible short stories. In this collection, written when Chang was still in her 20s, the stories swirl around themes of love, loss, and family, combining an unsettled, probing, utterly contemporary sensibility, keenly alert to sexual politics and psychological ambiguity, with an intense lyricism that echoes the classics of Chinese literature. A Nail, A Rose by Madeleine Bourdouxhe, translated by Faith Evans Neglected for decades, interest in Belgian author Madeleine Bourdouxhes work has seen a resurgence and Im so thrilled to have been introduced to her work through this collection. Praised by Simone de Beauvoir in The Second Sex and close friends with Russian revolutionary writer Victor Serge, Bourdouxhe was a fascinating feminist writer.  Like her critically acclaimed novels Marie and La Femme de Giles, her short stories tell the inner lives of ordinary, primarily working class, women in elegant and vivid prose. And I so appreciated the wealth of detail in translator Faith Evanss introduction. For more great reads by women in translation, check out this list of 50 Must-Read Books by Women in Translation.

A Bryant Homes - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1555 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? A BRYANT HOMES CASE STUDY 1 The hard system approach can answer both qualitative and quantitative approach. Hard systems are totally hard in nature. This approach can produce clear solutions to problems (Tutor2u.net, 2014). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Bryant Homes" essay for you Create order In Bryan Homes case, hard approach is used as the company build a specialized sales system be setting up a website that allows floor plans, roomà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s selection to name a few. There were also virtual walks for the houses. The problem that Bryan Homes faced was communication problem. Communication was poor between regional offices and branch offices. It needs a more efficient and streamlined system that can provide efficiency to the business. . Today every organization is looking to do marketing of its products to generate sales. The competition is huge in the market. In order to compete, organizations have to work really hard to bring fruitful results to the organization. There are two market approaches available to choose from. One is direct marketing approach and the other one is Indirect Check / Audit Systems should be used to monitor the performance at the business model at each and every level. It can identify the errors promptly. These strategies will help to ca ter the customers effectively. Bryan Homes has developed intranet for accurate flow of information through sales center. Thirteen regional offices along with one hundred twenty housing developments will be connected. The website aims to help the customers in every possible way. They are providing filtering facility to customers to make best choices. The company is following a direct approach for selling their products. They were a giving a precise information of their products to customers. Bryan Homes also developed CDS known as, Bryant Homes product portfolio. They were digital portfolios that aimed to guide the customers through the help of digital brochure. The customer can view the room from every zone they desire. They give the customers 3D view of the whole home. The company did massive advertising to increase sales. They are working hard to provide superior customer service. Lastly, Bryan Homes can do SWOT analysis. It will help him in analyzing the strengths, weakness, t hreats and opportunities. This will be used to reflect the internal and external elements in the company. This information will be used to meet organization goals and performance. The company can use its strengths to overcome the threats and weakness. Company will try to eliminate its weakness with the help of its employees. 2 Soft System Soft system approaches is used in organizations to tackle messy situations. With the use of soft approach, the organization can deal the problems easily. There are seven stages of SSM that the organization needs to implement. SSM can bring one final solution for the problem (Answers.com, 2014) that is faced by the company. We are implementing seven stages of SSM approach on Bryant Homes for evaluating their marketing strategy. Stage 1- the situation is problematicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Unstructured Bryant Homes is one of the biggest names in the real estate industry. The company has thousands of installed computers to stay in touch with customers. Its set up is huge and approximately thousands of computers are installed for maintain effective communication between branches and regional head offices. It also has online and offline systems. All these system are used to increase the efficiency of the business. However company is still doing everything to increase customer satisfaction. Customer is still unaware of customer likes and preferences. This issue is unstructured because customer taste and preferences change with the passage of time. Today, customers demand quality and quality service. They want to be satisfied fully before purchasing any product. Moreover, the company has to also focus on its employees to increase profit for the organization. Employees are biggest asset of any organization. The company must work to meet intrinsic needs of customers. Moreover Bryant Homes have to develop strong flow of information between its 13 regional offices and 120 housing developments. The flow of information must be error free and accurate. The system must be protected from external influence as well as internally. The system also requires security and must be protected from all sorts of dangers. The system must give employees to publish announcements, news, personal information and vacancies easily. To sum up, Bryant homes need an effective system than can allow the circulation of data easily. The system must be efficient in dealing with customers requests through all modes. It must be upgraded with the passage of time. The company must create a website that has all features of E commerce and has high quality 3D graphic to capture customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s attention. Stage 1: Rich picture Our analysis has shown that Bryant Homes need a strong internet and intranet system that can boost the business process at every department in the organization. The system will provide strong connection between each and every department (Armson et al 2005). The server will provide all essential information to the departments. You can access data and other relevant information easily. Questionnaires and surveys can help the organization to know about their needs or any problems they are facing. For customers, you can also use soft and hard system approaches to know their likes and preferences. Stage 3: Relevant system with Root Definition: The root definition can easily identify IT structure of the company. The system should ensure quality to increase sales. Customers demand quality otherwise they will look for other option. Therefore, the system should advertize the brand and promote the brand efficiently. This will improve customer satisfaction. The system will meet the customer demands by allowing them to search the products of their choice. The Bryant Homes aims to create effective cheap communication system that will ease the employees as well as customers through internet. CATWOE C à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“customers of the systemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ : consumers are interested to buy the properties of Bryant Homes through website or product portfolio. Customers use these medium to connect with company. A à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“actorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  The employees of Bryant Homes such as Mangers, professionals, subordinates etc. T à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Transformation processà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  A good IT structure will increase the productivity of the business. It will enhance communication system of the company. W à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“world-viewà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Customer service must be enhanced to gain competitive advantage. O à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ownerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Bryant Homes. E à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“environmental constraintsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  IT structure of the company must be improved. All systems must be improved including internet, intranet and website. Stage 3: Conceptual model Stage 4: Thorough analysis of stage three stage two Conceptual model Evaluating Bryant Homes Compare your conceptual model with real world The company must immediately fulfill the intrinsic as well as extrinsic needs of its employees. Solution Develop internet and intranet communication system in the organization Take action to implement the changes All branches must be interring link through sales centers with servers. Conceptual model Departments must establish inter link Compare your conceptual model with real world All departments must focus on to reduce miscommunication between departments. Solution An efficient internal sales system will minimize all sorts of errors. Take action to implement the changes The system will give information to head office timely. Conceptual model A system that can identify the pros and cons of IT structure Compare your conceptual model with real world Employees must be satisfied through both offline and online modes. Solution An internal sales system is required to guarantee efficient flow of data. Take action to implement the changes Bryant Homes will have all the information for dealing the customers efficiently. It will get to know about the demands of customers. Conceptual model Upgrade Bryant Homes website Compare your conceptual model with real world The website must be up to date. It must link the central database. The website must also provide superior service for foreigners. Solution The website must keep graphics small to ensure maximum downloading. Customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s time must not be wasted at any cost. Take action to implement the changes The consumer must be allowed to filter his choice through mentioning his location and property needs. The company has tried to increase efficiency and performance of the business. All this strategies will help to cater the customers effectively. 3 The company can improve its performance through à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Business Intelligenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . BI tools are very effective and can bring positive results in the organization. The company should adopt quality and control procedures to make sure quality standards are met at each and every business level. The creative problem so lving is another important tool for the organization. This approach provides training tools to help individuals and groups. This approach make use of checklist for defang messy situation. It also includes six stages for dealing the situation. This approach will easily solve all sorts of problems. There are many techniques are included in the model of creative system like breaking techniques, stretching techniques and preserving techniques. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Synecticsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  is also a very effective stimulation program. It requires analogies for the processing of the program. It also follows the brainstorming technique of SSM approach. References: Armson, Rosalind and Ison,Ray. (2005), Managing Complexity A systems approach, Block 1, 2nd ed. England: The Open University. Answers.com, (2014).What is the difference between hard and soft Human Resource Management?. [online] Available at: https://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_hard_and_soft_Human_Resource_Management [Accessed 29 Apr. 2014]. Tutor2u.net, (2014).HRM Hard or Soft?. [online] Available at: https://www.tutor2u.net/business/people/hrm_hard_soft.asp [Accessed 29 Apr. 2014]. 1

Law of Chemical Equilibrium (Definition)

When a chemical reaction is at equilibrium, the concentration of the reactants and the products remains the same over time. In other words, the forward and reverse chemical reaction are the same. Note: this does not mean the concentration of reactants and products is the same. There is a law that relates the concentration of reactants and products to the equilibrium constant: Law of Chemical Equilibrium Definition The Law of Chemical Equilibrium is a relation stating that in a reaction mixture at equilibrium, there is a condition (given by the equilibrium constant, Kc) relating the concentrations of the reactants and products. For the reactionaA(g) bB(g) ↔ cC(g) dD(g),Kc [ C ]c ·[ D ]d / [ A ]a ·[ B ]b Equilibrium Constant Example For example, for the chemical reaction: 2HI(g) ⇆ H2 I2(g) The equilibrium constant would be calculated by: Kc ([H2][I2] )/ [HI]2

What were the roots causes of the Cold War Free Essays

Introduction As I have shown in the poster, the root causes for the bipolar realignment of world politics after the end of the Second World War can be grouped into three interrelated categories. First, the orthodox or traditionalist view, which maintains that the onset of a bipolar international order after the end of World War Two can be attributed to the expansionist stance of the Soviet Union. The most important bargaining chip that Moscow had after the capitulation of Germany was the presence of the Red Army throughout Eastern Europe. We will write a custom essay sample on What were the roots causes of the Cold War? or any similar topic only for you Order Now In addition, since the point at which the war ended, the Soviet Union actively worked for the sovietisation of the countries occupied by the Red Army. According to the orthodox view, Stalin could have taken a more cooperative approach to the overriding question of security. In addition, the West might have averted the Cold War by acting ‘with fewer scruples’. (Mastny, 1979: 360) The Western powers were slow to react to the realignment of the international political order (Raack, 1995: 159), failing to see Stalin’s expansionist intentions. In any case, the orthodox view suggests that a long term accommodation with Moscow after the defeat of Germany would not have been possible. The Western leaders failed to identify the impossibility of long run cohabitation with Moscow. At the same time, the Soviet leadership was labouring under the assumption that any accommodation with the West was only temporary (Schlesinger, 1967: 50). Revisionists argue that the United States conducted an aggressive foreign policy, epitomised by the promulgation of the Truman Doctrine, the European Recovery Plan and the creation of the national security establishment. The most peremptory concern of the United States in the post-war scenario was to avoid another economic depression by creating a free market trading area able to absorb the surplus goods manufactured in the United States. This free market trading area would be situated in the world’s ‘industrial perimeter’ (the Rhineland, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States) and was to be guarded from Soviet interference by implementing the policy of ‘containment’ (Kennan, 1967: 359). This foreign policy was carried out with massive projection of power, motivating Moscow to create a security zone in Eastern Europe for the purposes of avoiding an encirclement by the West. After the capitulation of Germany, the actions of the United States v is-a-vis Japan (namely, the nuclear bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki) had been informed by the overall strategy to be followed towards Moscow (Alperovitz, 1995: 127-9). Truman’s attitude towards the Soviet Union was fundamentally different from Roosevelt’s. The President’s policies, like the Marshall Plan, were deemed essential in order to ensure the prosperity of the United States (Williams, 1972: 14), as the exportation of dollars was necessary in order to achieve equilibrium in world trade and to facilitate US exports (Kolko, G. and Kolko, J. 1972: 360). The post-revisionist position is to forge a synthesis between the two other schools, not by blaming either side but by looking at the motivations of the two superpowers, as well as examining the extent of their responsibility and input in the onset of the confrontation. On the one hand, post-revisionists reject the assumption put forward by revisionist authors that the policy of ‘containment’ was implemented against the will of the American public. At the same time, post-revisionists argue that American policy-makers probably overestimated external threats in order to attain domestic goals (Gaddis, 1983: 179-181). There are a number of aspects which need to be taken into account. The arrival of Harry Truman at the White House (and subsequent change of attitude towards the Soviet Union) and the nuclear attack which put an end to the war against Japan and the future of Germany are amongst the most important ones. According to this school of thought, Washington was intere sted in curtailing Moscow’s influence in Eastern Europe, triggering a response on the part of the Soviets which entailed the building of a buffer zone (Paterson, 1973: 36). It has been argued that geopolitical circumstances and the nature of the American and Soviet political systems compelled Washington and Moscow to take part in a confrontational situation (Gaddis, 1972: 361). In this regard, it is possible to argue that the fate of Germany was the most overriding issue that the superpowers had to deal with. The decision on the final settlement concerning Germany exposed the inherent incompatibilities between the communist and capitalist systems. Simultaneously, the superpowers were compelled to grab a foothold in Germany in order to safeguard their vital interests. In the case of the United States, these interests revolved around the creation of a Western European free trade area with its base in the Rhineland. In the case of the Soviet Union, it entailed securing a foothol d in Germany in order to shore up the security zone in Eastern Europe and to prevent the possibility of another German invasion. Select bibliography Alperovitz, Gar (1995) The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb and the Architecture of an American Myth (Alfred A. Knopf: New York) Gaddis, John Lewis, (1972) The United States and the Origins of the Cold War, 1941-1947 (Columbia University Press: New York) Gaddis, John Lewis, The Emerging Post-Revisionist Synthesis on the Origins of the Cold War, Diplomatic History (1983) 7(3): 171-190 Kennan, George F. (1967) Memoirs: 1925–1950 (Little, Brown and Company: Boston) Kolko, G. and Kolko, J., (1972) The limits of power: The world and United States foreign policy, 1945 – 54 (Harper and Row: New York) Mastny, Vojtech, Russia‘s Road to the Cold War. Diplomacy, Warfare, and the Politics of Communism, 1941–1945 (Columbia University Press: New York) (1979) Paterson, Thomas, (1973) Soviet-American Confrontation: Postwar Reconstruction and the Origins of the Cold War (The Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore and London) Raack, R. C. (1995) Stalin’s Drive to the West, 1938-1945: The Origins of the Cold War (Stanford University Press: Stanford, CA) Schlesinger Jr., Arthur M., â€Å"Origins of the Cold War,† Foreign Affairs 46, No. 1 (October, 1967), 22-52 Williams, W.A., (1972) The tragedy of American diplomacy (W.W. Norton: New York) How to cite What were the roots causes of the Cold War?, Essay examples

Learning and Development to Support Emiratisation - Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Learning and Development to Support Emiratisation. Answer: Introduction The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is recognized as one the most advanced and well-developed nation across the globe. Further, being a diverse economy, the nation has greatly focused on the betterment of its population. According to Kosior et al. (2015: 17-44), the Emiratisation is one such step taken by the government to ensure employment of its 4.4 million labour force into public and private industry sectors. Concerning Abu Dhabi, the capital city is not only home to several well-designed industrial and commercial organization, but also acts as the centre of cultural and political activities. Further, with a population of more than 1.5 billion and a steady GDP growth (USD 262bn), the capital is also recognized for its educational services (Goby, Nickerson and David, 2015: 364-377). This particular researcher proposal focuses on the aspect of learning and development provided by Abu Dhabi and UAE as a whole to support the initiative of Emiratisation. In addition to a literature review on the topic, the project also includes several methodologies that will be used by the researcher to carry out a detailed study. Lastly, a timeline and outcome of the proposal have also been incorporated here. Research Background Abu Dhabi has been gaining noteworthy ground in opening business doors for UAE nationals. In spite of the fact that a larger part of UAE national jobseekers in Abu Dhabi are knowledgeable, they are confronting different difficulties to secure an appropriate employment, thereby making the step of Emiratisation a crucial aspect for future economic development. As per Modarress, Ansari and Lockwood (2013: 188-205), the Human Resources Authorities, the quantity of people looking for jobs in Emirati ranges between 12,000 and 13,000 every year. Moreover, it is noted that highly qualified females constitute around 80% of the total jobseekers in the nation. With a focus to ensure 7% - 9% economic growth, the Emirate hopes to open more than 600,000 new occupations throughout the following decade. On the other hand, the government of UAE largely emphasises on the need for providing its people with human resource developmental initiatives to enhance their working capabilities and ultimately fulfil market job demands (Aljanahi, 2017: 9-17). Further, several learning and educational processes has also been arranged by the government of the country to support Emiratisation, which shall be studied by the researcher. Research Aims The major aims of the research proposal are as follows: To understand the concept of Emiratisation in Abu Dhabi To study the various learning and educational processes provided in UAE To learn about the need for learning and development to support Emiratisation Research Questions The various questions for this research proposal are the following: How has Emiratisation affected the Abu Dhabi? What are the ongoing educational and learning processes in UAE? What learning and development initiatives required to support Emiratisation? Problem Statement of the Research As stated by Sahoo (2013: 12), one of the most important factors behind the unemployment of Emiratis is due to their lack of learning and technical knowledge. Additionally, a belief of organizations to employ expatriate workers who can execute a job better than the local population of the nation, also greatly affects their employment. It is noted that among the various reasons, the major requirement for being in a job is proper educational qualifications. The researcher understands the role of learning and developmental initiatives among the Emirates for being employed. Additionally, there exist a limited number of previously carried out researches on this topic, thereby adversely impacting gathering of scholarly and reviewed data. Research Hypothesis The two hypothesis of the research are as follows: Learning and development is needed to support Emiratisation. Learning and development is not needed to support Emiratisation. Literature Review Introduction This particular chapter takes into consideration various previously carried out studies and evidences related to the topic of proposal. Additionally, the researcher discusses about the aspect of Emiratisation in the UAE and the several learning processes organized by the government to support the initiative. It is noted that the study of literature based on the topic is divided into two major sections. The primary aspects required to facilitate the research has been included in this part of the project. Emiratisation in Abu Dhabi Public Sector Emiratisation Emiratisation in the public sector of Abu Dhabi accounts to around 52% in total. As compared to the private sector, the high pay packages, job security and decreased job hours are some factors that attract the people towards the public sector (Arnold, 2013: 9). It is noted that the sector can be further into several segments, which are as follows: Tourism Sector: Being a rapidly growing sector, the ADTA (tourism authority of Abu Dhabi) is highly responsible for the employment of UAE nationals. In addition to the various diversified initiatives, the ADTA also organizes programs that expose to locals to societal and economical diversification of the nation (Paris, Baddar and Stephenson, 2014: 709). Education Council: In order to ensure employment of the locals in high reputed firms, the ADEC (education council of Abu Dhabi) has actively taken part in organizing education and training processes. Additionally, the ADEC has also joined hands with HRA to link several Emiratisation initiatives that focus on training the nationals to ensure job placement for the Emirati youth. Figure: Emiratisation Percentage in Ministries (Source: Albloushi, 2015: 121-167) Police Department: In order to support Emiratisation in the capital city, the ADP (police department of Abu Dhabi) also tends to call upon graduates to explore the world of military and civil jobs. Moreover, the various programs organized by the ADP has also largely attracted female talent into the department. Other Entities: It is noted that the process of Emiratisation has changed the face of various other departments in Abu Dhabi as well. According to Tapp and Raymont (2016: 34-78), the infrastructure (CNIA) and airport company (ADAC) Emiratisation accounted to 90% and 28% respectively. While, the economic development phase (DED) employed 82.7% locals in the year 2009. Private Sector Emiratisation Emiratisation in the private sector of Abu Dhabi amount to around 4% of the total local workforce. It is noted that the HRA has actively taken steps to increase employment of Emirati nationals in the sector and thereby change their perception towards the people (Goby, Nickerson and David, 2015: 364-377). Further, the private sector can also be broken down into a few individual categories, which are as follows: Banking Sector: The banking industry of Abu Dhabi is the largest private employer of UAE locals. It is noted that Emiratisation in this division has increased to 34.4%. Further as per Qambar (2015: 143), the HRA has organized an initiative called Dirasati that provides education and training to UAE nationals searching job opportunities in this section. The National Bank, Commercial Bank and Islamic Bank in Abu Dhabi employed about 36%, 34% and 40% UAE nationals to support Emiratisation. Commerce and Industries: Emiratisation in the commercial and industrial chamber in Abu Dhabi also greatly takes part in employing the people of the country and providing them with sufficient education and training to ensure sustainability of jobs. Figure: Emiratisation Percentage in Authorities (Source: Albloushi, 2015: 121-167) Learning and Development to support Emiratisation Training and development of UAE nationals act as one of the most crucial perquisite that ensures employment in an organization. As stated by Qambar (2015: 143), it is noted that about 82% firms in the UAE has a formal and well designed process to assess training needs of its employees. On the other hand, there also exist several theories that along with focusing on the perception of the people and psychological needs also tend to emphasise on the aspect of motivation. The various theories that can be applied towards learning and development and thereby to support Emiratisation are as follows: Cognitive Processes: It noted that process theories tend to focus on behavioural and psychological aspects and regard them as the most crucial processes that influence learning motives of a person (Moon, 2013: 110-132). Further, decision and thinking are considered to influence the willingness of a person to work. Process theories can also be divided into various models, which are as follows: Vrooms Expectancy Model Goal-Setting Model Social Learning Model Equity Model Self-Determination Model Non-Cognitive Development (Behaviorism Theory): Unlike the cognitive theory, non-cognitive process theory tends to link environmental contingencies with the behaviour of a person. According to Ertmer and Newby (2013: 43-71), it is noted that employment is judged by the interaction between external factors and behaviour only. New practices or changes in practices are procured through a stable relationship between stimuli and reaction. Furthermore, non-cognitive processes can be subdivided into the following models: Reinforcement Theory Consturctivism Theory: The theory of constructivism refers to a person`s self developed perception of the world. It is noted that experiences and awareness are the two major factors that guide learning (Merriam and Bierema, 2013: 56-90). Moreover, the interpretation of every occurrence is said to create a sense of wisdom within a person as well, which is unique for every other human being. Job Features Model: This model of job characteristics (JCM) identifies five individual factors (skill, task identity, autonomy, task importance and feedback) that not only guide the recruitment department of a firm to employ people (Thurlings et al. 2013: 1-15). Research Methodology Introduction This chapter is based on the various tool and techniques that will be used by the researcher to organize a study. In addition to various frameworks, a number of models and methods will be utilized to effectively answer the research questions and thereby fulfil objectives of the proposal. It is noted that a well planned and practical approach results in a highly dynamic research. Investigation Types As per Smith (2015: 20-43), the investigation types can be divided into three major categories, which are as follows: Exploratory Investigation Descriptive Investigation Hypothesis Investigation Figure: Research Investigation (Source: As created by author) Justification of Research Investigation Among the three types of investigation, the researcher will opt for the descriptive research. The aspect of descriptive investigation tends to link theoretical approach with thought processes. The researcher shall use various modular frameworks, theories along with his own pattern of thinking to carry out the study. Research Philosophy As per Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault (2015: 231), the concept of research philosophy is typically divided into three sub divisions, which are the following: Positivism Philosophy Interpretive Philosophy Realism Philosophy Figure: Research Philosophy (Source: As created by author) Justification of Research Philosophy It is noted that the researcher will opt for realism philosophy in order to facilitate the study. Realism philosophy tends to have a straight perception of genuine, authentic and real life things. Additionally, the researcher will make an optimum use of the available information on the topic to formulate authentic results. Research Approach According to Johnson and Clark (2016: 132-150), the concept of research approach can be broken down into two separate sections, which are the following: Inductive Approach Deductive Approach Figure: Types of research approach (Source: As created by author) Justification of Research Approach It is noted that the researcher will depend on a deductive approach towards the research to organize the study in a planned manner and also reach expected goals. Deductive approach tends to make use of reviewed theories and earlier designed models in order to coordinate a research. The researcher will depend on the existing data to successfully organize the research. Research Strategy In order to understand the concept of Emiratisation and also understand the various learning and development theories and initiatives undertaken by the government departments of Abu Dhabi, the researcher will rely on the survey strategy. In addition to analysing the steps taken by the capital, the researcher shall also study 5 managers and 50 UAE nationals of the top 10 business firms located in the city. Research Data Collection As stated by Saracho (2013: 342), it is noted that the process of collecting data for a research can be divided into two separate parts, which are as follows: Primary Collection Secondary Collection Figure: Data Collection Process (Source: As created by Author) Justification of Data Collection The researcher will use both the types of data collection processes to gather the required data on the topic. Primary data are assembled through feedback forms, surveys, polls and questionnaires. While on the other hand, secondary data are collected through articles, books, newspapers and reviewed journals. Sampling Method As per Liamputtong (2013: 432), the process of sampling the collected information is carefully divided into two individual parts, which are: Probability Sampling Non-Probability Sampling Figure: Sampling Methods (Source: Justification of Sampling Method The procedure of sampling data will abide by the non-probability method of sampling. It is noted that unlike probability method, the non-probability process focuses on benefiting the research process by choosing non-random information. The researcher will carefully choose the various companies and the unemployed people along with the several learning and developmental theories that support Emiratisation in Abu Dhabi. Data Analysis As opined by Quilan et al. (2015: 211-243), the aspect research data analysis can be distinguished into three major parts, which are the following: Quantitative Analysis Qualitative Analysis Mixed Analysis Justification of Data Analysis In order to scrutinize the collected data in an effective manner, the researcher will make use of a mixed analysis method. The mixed method takes into consideration both quantitative and qualitative approach of examining information. Research Limitations A researcher might be confronted with a number of limitations in the process of coordinating a research (Blumberg, Cooper and Schindler, 2014: 89). The issues that will be faced by the researcher during the study are the following: There will arise accessibility concerns in the process of collecting necessary data. Biased answers from enterprise managers or the unemployed people will directly impact the output of the research. Time management is another major limitation that will affect the research as a whole. The existence of a large number of learning and development theories, limits their application to the concept of Emiratisation. Research Timeline Activities Start of Year 1 End of Year 1 Start of Year 2 Mid of Year 2 End of Year 2 Start of Year 3 Mid of Year 3 End of Year 3 Start of Year 4 End of Year 4 Choosing the topic Getting approval Arranging the research methods Secondary data collection Literature review Primary data collection Data analysis Interpreting the data Findings of the data Preparing final report Table: Research Timeline (Source: As created by author) Research Outcomes It is noted that the several parts of the proposal individually contributes towards building up a fruitful research. Based on the literature review, the researcher will be able to understand the present condition of Emiratistion in Abu Dhabi. Additionally, knowledge about the various learning and development frameworks will help to logically apply and support the initiative as well. On the other hand, the optimum utilization of tools and techniques acts as the basic requirement to facilitate a study into the field. Moreover, a proper progress and approach towards the topic will help to learn about the role of education and learning of UAE nationals in supporting Emiratisation not only in Abu Dhabi, but also across the UAE in an efficient manner as well. References Albloushi, I., 2015.Exploration of the challenges of Emiratisation in UAE in the 21st century. Doctoral dissertation, University of Salford, pp.121-167. Aljanahi, M.H., 2017. Challenges to the Emiratisation process: content analysis.Human Resource Development International,20(1), pp.9-17. Arnold, T., 2013, May. Year of Emiratisation: Low private sector pay and long hours remain obstacle. InThe National (Vol. 10, p.9). Blumberg, B. F., Cooper, D. R., Schindler, P. S., 2014.Business research methods, London. McGraw-Hill Education, p.89. Ertmer, P.A. and Newby, T.J., 2013. Behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism: Comparing critical features from an instructional design perspective.Performance Improvement Quarterly,26(2), pp.43-71. Goby, V.P., Nickerson, C. and David, E., 2015. Interpersonal communication and diversity climate: promoting workforce localization in the UAE.International Journal of Organizational Analysis,23(3), pp.364-377. Goby, V.P., Nickerson, C. and David, E., 2015. Interpersonal communication and diversity climate: promoting workforce localization in the UAE.International Journal of Organizational Analysis,23(3), pp.364-377. Johnson, P., and Clark, M., 2016.Business and management research methodologies. Social constructionist research methodologies Volume 5 Volume 5, London. SAGE, pp. 132-150. Kosior, A., Barth, J., Gremm, J., Mainka, A. and Stock, W.G., 2015. Imported expertise in world-class knowledge infrastructures: The problematic development of knowledge cities in the Gulf region.Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice,3(3), pp.17-44. Liamputtong, P., 2013.Qualitative research methods, Australia. Oxford University Press, p.432. Merriam, S.B. and Bierema, L.L., 2013.Adult learning: Linking theory and practice, U.S.A. John Wiley Sons, pp. 56-90. Modarress, B., Ansari, A. and Lockwood, D.L., 2013. Emiratisation: from policy to implementation.International Journal of Human Resources Development and Management,13(2-3), pp.188-205. Moon, J.A., 2013.Reflection in learning and professional development: Theory and practice, London. Routledge, pp. 110-132. Paris, C.M., Baddar, L. and Stephenson, M.L., 2014. Young Emiratis Perceptions of Tourism Impacts in Dubai.2527 June 2014, Le Meridien Hotel ISSN 169412225 Edited by Robin Nunkoo, Boopen Seetanah Raja, p.709. Qambar, A.S.O., 2015.Human capital development in the UAE Islamic banking sector: addressing the challenges of Emiratisation. Doctoral dissertation, Cardiff Metropolitan University, p.143. Quilan, C., Babin, B., Carr, J., Griffin, M., and Zikmund, W. G., 2015.Business research methods, Andover. Cengage Learning EMEA., pp. 211-243. Sahoo, S., 2013, September. Emiratisation progress proves slow for UAE women. InThe National(Vol. 17, p.12). Saracho, O. N., 2013.Handbook of research methods in early childhood education review of research methodologies, Charlotte, NC. Information Age Publications, p.342. Smith, J.A. ed., 2015.Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods, Londonm Thousand Oaks. Sage, pp. 20-43. Tapp, L. and Raymont, M., 2016, November. The Value of Diversity as a Workforce Strategy. InAbu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, pp.34-78. Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., 2015.Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource, New York. John Wiley Sons, p.231. Thurlings, M., Vermeulen, M., Bastiaens, T. and Stijnen, S., 2013. Understanding feedback: A learning theory perspective.Educational Research Review,9, pp.1-15.

Googling an Assigned Topic vs. Offline Brainstorming

Table of Contents Introduction Googling vs. Offline Brainstorming: Benefits Offline Brainstorming vs. Googling: Benefits Conclusion Works Cited Introduction One of the major developments in the 21st Century has to do with information and communication technology (herein referred to as ICT). Computers, mobile phones and such other features of ICT have become indispensable aspects of the modern society. The internet has been one of these developments. Today, people, more than ever, can access a great deal of information from the internet.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Googling an Assigned Topic vs. Offline Brainstorming specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Organizations need not carry out expensive physical market studies. All they have to do, if they are innovative enough, is to conduct a survey online. Questionnaires can be sent to respondents, who complete them and mail them back. There is no need for the orga nization to come into physical contact with the client. On the other hand, businesses can find information that they need online. They do not have to go to national archives and libraries to dig out information; the same can be accessed online at relatively low costs and high speeds. Also, clients need not visit the business premises to place their orders. Instead, they can access the items they need to purchase online. They can then place their orders, pay and have the items delivered to them. It is not only the businesses that have benefited from the discovery of the internet and all the wonders it portends. The work of the students has been made easy and enjoyable by the internet. Students can access a lot of educational information from the internet. When they have been given an assignment, the student has the option of visiting the library and searching for the information manually, a process that is not enjoyable to many and which is tedious. Alternatively, the student can bra instorm with their fellow students to come up with information that will be used to complete the assignment. Thirdly, the student may opt to access the information online by the use of the internet. This paper is a comparison and contrast essay on this topic. The author of this paper is going to compare and contrast the benefits of Googling an assigned topic and brainstorming on the same. This is given the fact that both strategies have their own strengths and weaknesses. Googling vs. Offline Brainstorming: Benefits Information from the internet is accessed via various search engines at the disposal of the student. These are for example Google, JSTOR and MedCare among others. The selection of the search engine to use depends on the kind of information that the student is interested in (Pakhare 2). For example, if they are interested in medical and health care information, the student is likely to use search engines such as MedCare.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let 's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is the use of these search engines that will be referred to as â€Å"Googling† in this paper. Googling is carried out using a combination of key words and search terms. A certain combination entered into this search engine will give rise to a defined kind of information. This is the information used by the student to complete their assignment. There are several benefits riding on Googling an assigned topic as opposed to brainstorming on the same offline. Pakhare (3) is of the view that the student is able to access information on unusual topics which may be out side what the teacher covered in class. For example, a teacher for a sociologically oriented subject may give the students an assignment to do with health care. Since this topic was never covered in class, it will be useless for the student to brainstorm offline with their colleagues. This is given the fact that the class mates are like ly to be also on the dark as far as the topic is concerned. This being the case, brainstorming will be of little or no use to the student. To the contrary, the student can access any form of information on the internet when they Google it. Googling provides the student with a wide range of information on a given topic (Pakhare 7). Researchers and other scholars mainly archive the findings of their studies on data bases that can be accessed on the internet through Googling. The student is able to access all of this information from many scholars. As such, they are exposed to various perspectives on a given topic. This is not the case in brainstorming offline. The information from brainstorming is as rich as the knowledge base of the participants. When the participants are as knowledgeable as the student, the experience is not as enriching as Googling. The student can not access various perspectives from their peers. The information accessed online by the student is current and up to date (Pakhare 4). It reflects recent developments in the field. This is given the fact that when a study is conducted on one corner of the globe, it can be accessed very fast by another party on another corner when it is archived online. The student benefits by getting exposed to new information on their field. This is not the case in offline brainstorming. The student and the peers may only be in possession of antiquated information which does not reflect new developments in the field.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Googling an Assigned Topic vs. Offline Brainstorming specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Also, according to Pakhare (5), the student is not only able to access quality and recent information from the internet; they can also access the information at any time of the day. For an effective brainstorming, the student has to make efforts and bring together participants in one location. This can only be don e for example during the day and not at all times. On the contrary, if the student opts to Google an assigned topic, they can do this at any time; during the night, over the weekend. This makes it possible for the student to complete the assignment at their own pace; the completion of the assignment is not dictated by the convenience of significant others. Googling an assigned topic is also faster and relatively inexpensive (Pakhare 3). There is no need to commute to a central location to participate in a brainstorming session. Also, there is no need to buy articles such as magazines, books and news papers to provide information for the brainstorming session. The student can access the internet at the comfort of their homes, even using their internet enabled phones, making the process very cheap. The student does not have to put up with arguments and disagreements from the participants in a brainstorming session, making Googling to be relatively fast than brainstorming. Offline Brai nstorming vs. Googling: Benefits However, there are several attributes that make brainstorming an assigned topic offline to be more advantageous than Googling. This is especially so given the inherent benefits of brainstorming. Pakhare (18) is of the view that a student who Googles their assignment is not a creative and analytical learner. Googling means that the student is not engaging their imaginative faculties; they are merely regurgitating information and knowledge created by other minds. If every person started Googling topics instead of researching, there will reach a point where there will be no new knowledge in the field. Offline brainstorming engages the analytical and creative faculties of the student. The student is able to reason with their peers on an intellectual level, making brainstorming a more enriching encounter for them.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A student who uses Google and other search engines to complete an assigned topic is likely to be penalized for plagiarism (Pakhare 4). This is given the fact that the student is using the knowledge of other people. As such, when they fail to correctly and accurately acknowledge the source of their information, the student can be said to have plagiarized. This is not the case when it comes to offline brainstorming. Each and every idea from the participants is a novel and original thought and input to the field. Pakhare (5) opines that any person anywhere around the globe can upload information on the internet. As such, the student may be exposed to inaccurate and misleading information from the internet when they Google. While websites such as Wikipedia are popular sources of information, they are not considered intellectual enough to be cited by the student. This is an indication of the vagaries of Googling an assigned topic. On the other hand, the student is able to question the co ntribution of members in a brainstorming group, making the information to be credible. The student may also access a lot of information that may not bee helpful (Pakhare 7). This bombardment overwhelms the faculties of the student. This is not the case in brainstorming. This is given that the participants usually focus their attention on a specific topic, avoiding generation of unnecessary information. Conclusion The debate on whether to Google an assigned topic or brainstorm offline continues. A lot of rhetoric questions emerge from this debate. For example, given the mixed bag of benefits and costs of Googling, should schools ban this practice completely? If it is banned, does this not mean that the student can not enjoy its various benefits? The author made no effort to settle this controversy; rather, they set out to highlight the controversy more vividly. Works Cited Pakhare, Jayashree. The Benefits and Costs of the Internet. New York: Knopf, 2010. This essay on Googling an Assigned Topic vs. Offline Brainstorming was written and submitted by user Franklin Barnes to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Rolston and Humans Valuing Their Environment

Rolston and Humans Valuing Their Environment Free Online Research Papers Rolston talks about humans valuing their environment. He compares the way humans use their environment versus animals such as squirrels. He gives examples such as life-support value, economic value, recreation value, scientific value, genetic-diversity value, historical value, cultural-symbolization value, and many others. Rolston boldly implies statements like â€Å"values carried by nature will let us make an inventory of how nature is valuable to humans.† I assume he is asking whether or not humans actually value the land, on which we live and survive. In recent year’s humans have realized how important our ecosystem is to our existent. With the human population steadily increasing and technology soaring we are modifying our life support system. There must be an end to this before we disrupt this system. Some natural items may be able to be replaced but others may not be. It is important to realize before it becomes too late. Humans do not adapt to nature but rebuild it to satisfy their needs. In my opinion I think it is selfish of us. If there is a cliff that is not climbable that does not mean to tear it down and destroy the land to build an indoor climbing center. We require many natural things at the same time. All of this land that we destroy already has its value. We should not have to tear it down or destroy to find a different value for it or in that case revalue it. It is also selfish to think, even more value is being added when some one labors over the land. Humans enjoy untouched nature even though those certain parts of nature are not needed to improve our lives. We can see this in many out door activities. Humans tend to like the out doors because it offers more to them than the indoors. For some it adds more to their lives than anything else. The natural outdoors provides life shaping experiences and revelations. Therefore, nature is often much more enjoyable and meaningful when it is untouched. Genetic diversity value shows that humans eat few plants and ten species provide 80% of the worlds calories. At the same time it is very important for us to preserve many of the worlds species. In conclusion, he is trying to prove the point that nature is highly valuable whether it is labored over or not. We need nature and its resources but it is delicate and it is possible we may heavily damage it if we continue to labor over it. We need to value the diversity and unity that nature provides to us as well. Nature has its highest value for what it is, not for what it is used for nor for how much labor humans have put in to it. Research Papers on Rolston and Humans Valuing Their EnvironmentGenetic EngineeringComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Spring and AutumnPETSTEL analysis of IndiaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfRiordan Manufacturing Production Plan

Process Improvement Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Process Improvement Plan - Essay Example There has to be some limits that have to be established that will be used in the determination of the winner. In the slot machine process, the winner is usually determined when the winnings basket fills up. When the basket fills u, the person who dropped the last coin into the slot machine is determined as the winner. That is a form of control because the basket usually gets filled up after the owner of the machine earns quite a good amount of money and that is a good thing for the owner because the owner is usually after making of profits and the profits are useful to him. That form of control ensures that there are no losses on the side of the slot machine owner. The process also ensures that there are many costs that are cut so as to avoid unnecessary costs that usually cut on profitability. Statistical process control can be applied in different processes. Every process usually has an output and input. The outputs that are attributable to a process are usually measurable and that usually necessities the application of SPC. SPC usually tracks variability that arises from causes that are natural. In a case whereby the expected variability exceeds a range that should be expected from a cause that is natural, the causes that are identified have to be assigned. SPC is usually powerful in the optimization of the information that is required in the making of decisions by the management (globalqualityvillage.com). SPC usually comprises of the following, scatter diagram, regression analysis, pare to analysis. Pareto analysis is usually helpful in quality improvement of a process in the early stages of any process. The analysis is usually useful in screening out any instances of a wrong thing in a process. In the slot machine, it can be used to identify the instances that may arise as a result f miscalculation in the declaration of the winner. In most instances, in instances where a process involves so many activates, the probability of a fault or failure are usually increased. That means that the activities that are involved in the slot machine should be used so as to avoid any instances of malfunctions and to ensure that there are accurate functionalities in the process. Pareto analysis is usually effective in the following areas; machine breakdown analysis, analysis of any complaints from the customer, and analysis of any faulty dominants. That is applicable in the slot machine because it can be used in the establishment of any problems that may occur in the working of the machine (Kari, 1999). The scatter diagram analysis is a usually useful in the analysis of the relationship that may exist between output variable s and any inputs in the process. In the slot machine process, there have to be an analysis that will show the relationship between the inputs and the outputs from the process. That will show the relationship that will apply between the input of coins and the determination of the winner. The other controls that can be used are

Geology----Stratigraphy and Sedimentation Article

Geology----Stratigraphy and Sedimentation - Article Example Two pertinent events have been intricately discussed. These are namely the episodic events and the continuous events. By definition, the episodic events are used in reference to those that become eminent in a matter of hours or days. It is important to reiterate that their effects are distinct and pertinent to this research. On the other hand, Continuous events are differentiated by the fact that they spread over months, years or even decades. Evidently, field mapping and reference chronology were succinctly applied in the analysis process. The tree ring method is a pertinent component in geomorphology. This is evident in its multiple applications such as assistance in comprehension ofthe geomorphic processes, the consequent frequency and events. Further to this, the annual precision will also aid in predicting floods and other events in future so as to avert the damages caused by the same. Previous research has revealed that the flood rings in 1826 and 1850. In this regard, it was e stablished that the tree with flood rings were proportionate to the discharge. The primary trees that were subject to the sampling procedure were those identified as are mainly affected by the geomorphic processes. These included trees growing near river banks, trees growing on the edges of gullies and avalanche paths and trees growing right on the sediment plants. In conclusion,the overall relevance of the tree ring method as far geomorphology is concerned includes; ascertaining the magnitude and frequency of events, providing an annual precision; the tree rings are pertinent as far as predicting continuous and episodic processes; as well as delineating the spatial location affected by a process. Howard and Blakey have done a commendable job in relating their observations and interpretations. The data provided is enough for all the facies interpretation. Their interpretation of fluvial channel mobility in relation with the geometry of sandstone bodies is correct and there

Causes of the Opium War

Causes of the Opium War However, this prosperity and balance of trade came under severe threat when Britain discovered growing on the hills of India, a product that many Chinese people craved for and would shift the balance of trade in its favour opium. In the ensuing war, the Chinese perceived cultural superiority did not reflect in its glaring military inferiority to the British technological and tactical military superiority (Schaffer Library of Drug Policy, 2010). China was heavily defeated in the war that also brought shame to Britain (CNN, 2009). In the British Parliament, William Ewart Gladstone criticised the government for a war he described as unjust in its origin and designed to cover Britain in permanent shame (Kossoff, 2010). Staring down the barrel of a gun, the Chinese were forced to sign a one-sided treaty at Nanking (see appendix B) as every Chinese move failed (CNN, 2009). According to CNN, China was forced to part with 21 million ounces of silver to pay for a war started by Britain. Five ports were designated for unrestricted British trade Shanghai, Canton, Ningpo, Amoy, and Foochow (Hooker, 1996) and Hong Kong became a British territory. Other Western countries soon moved in to exploit Chinas war wounds as France and America secured similar trading concessions (CNN, 2009; Hooker, 1996). According to CNN, Chinas defeat led to an invasion of Western culture, and on Chinas doorstep, barbarians lived in grand houses. However, 150 years later, China has reclaimed these houses and taken back Hong Kong. This essay aims to discuss the significant causes of the opium war over which there has been much controversy. On the one hand, the Chinese perspective on the cause of the war is about Britains immoral poisoning of China with opium from smuggling, while on the other hand Britain holds the view that the war was as a result of Chinese arrogance that treated foreigners as inferior beings and subjected Western countries to unfair trade and unacceptable diplomatic standards. Irreconcilable Cultural Differences During the 18th and early 19th centuries, the Chinese culture projected a face of indifferent arrogance and contempt for foreigners which included the bland assumption of Chinese cultural superiority. This played a significant role in events that resulted in the opium wars (Hanes Sanello, 2002; Helprin, 2006; Holt, 1964). The arrival of Western traders in China for the first time brought them in direct contact with a strange new world having an alien system of government. East Asian nations had barely any knowledge about Europe. Their relationship with each other was built on the idea of a Confucian hierarchy, with China as the head of the Asian family and other smaller nations Korea, Japan, Vietnam, and Burma occupying inferior positions around her (Schurmann Schell, 1967). This status was accepted by these nations and they paid homage to china by embarking on periodic visits to Peking to perform the Kowtow a series of kneeling down thrice and nine prostrations before the Emperor, climaxing with the tribute bearer bringing his nose to the floor (Schurmann Schell, 1967; Holt, 1964). According to Holt (1964), the Chinese perceived China as the celestial empire and their Emperor as the traditional Son of Heaven. Other rulers of the foreign world were perceived to be no more than vassals expected to pay tribute to the Son of Heaven (Holt, 1964; Lewis, 2009; Pelissier, 1967). Holt (1964) as well as Hanes Sanello (2002), note that envoys from England to China refused to perform this ritual, especially since they did not grant their own monarch such recognition. However, no matter how vehemently Britain protested, or how unreasonable she found this custom, and how powerful she declared herself to be, China made no exception to her treatment (Schurmann Schell, 1967). Britain was among the other Western barbarians. Chinas perceived arrogance and deep sense of cultural superiority cocooned it from the rest of the civilized world by producing a complex administrative structure that isolated the Emperor and his chief advisers from direct diplomatic contacts. Though Britain had traded with the Chinese for many years, China declined to establish any formal diplomatic contacts because it did not perceive Britain as equal (Rodzinski, 1984). As noted by Chesneauk, Bsatid Bergere (1977), Britain twice attempted to dismantle this barrier by sending Lord Macartney in 1793 and Lord Amherst in 1816 as ambassadors to Peking. Both attempts failed. This was one of the infuriating features of the complex Chinese administrative structure that resulted in the Opium war. Commercial Greed and Free Trade The foreign devils as they were called by the Chinese were merchants from many countries, particularly Britain, United states of America and Portugal but also included France, Germany, the Netherlands and Denmark (Holt, 1964). Portugal history with the Far East was the earliest and longest but Britain gradually secured the largest quota of the Chinese trade with the West. Englands trade with the Eastern countries was monopolised by the East Indian Company until 1833. According to Holt (1964), this monopoly however allowed privately owned vessels from Britain and India to trade with China under licence from the East Indian Company. These vessels carried both raw cotton and the insidious drug opium. Opium was a source of enormous revenue to the Indian Government, wealth to the foreign merchants, and brought pleasure as well as suffering to the people of China (Hanes Sanello, 2002; Holt, 1964). During this period, the British Government of India and the directors of the East Indian Company realised that the Chinese were addicted to opium and that this presented a great trade opportunity for a huge fortune. Opium cultivation was quickly monopolised by the Government and permission exclusively given to the East Indian Company for its production and sale for which the company paid substantial duty to the Indian Government (Holt, 1964). Both the British and Indian Governments found opium smuggling to China too lucrative to be discarded. By 1832, the duty paid on opium to the British Indian Government made up one-eighteenth of its gross revenue (Holt, 1964). In the past, Britain had substantially imported tea, silk and porcelain from China. Holt (1964) estimates that twelve million pounds worth of tea was consumed in Britain annually. China had significantly much less interest in British goods of woollen, lead, iron and Cornish tin and so Britain had to pay for its trade deficit in silver (Pelissier, 1967; Holt, 1964). By 1817, China had been paid one hundred and fifty million pounds worth of silver by European traders (Holt, 1964). For the British Government, these profits from opium trade restored parity of payments from trade with China. Blinded by greed both the British and Indian Governments failed in their legal and moral obligations not to participate in, or encourage the export to another country, goods prohibited by that country. This was another significant factor that provoked incidents that led to the opium war. At this time, much of the economic theory guiding the British Empire was based on Cobdens perception of free trade unrestricted trade in all commodities including narcotics (Ball, 2010). According to Ball, arguments for free trade were that it promoted civilization and peaceful influence. In 1833, parliament brought an end to the monopoly of trade enjoyed by the East Indian Company with China and established free trade (Holt, 1964). Private merchants succumbed to the greed for fast and enormous profits. Special ships known as opium clippers were now more frequently being used for smuggling opium. Notable British owners included James Matheson, William Jardine and Lancelot Dent (Holt, 1964; Pelissier, 1967). These vessels were known to ship opium from India to China with great speed and efficiency thus compounding the opium addiction crisis in China. Figure Opium Smuggling Clippers from the West (Hays, 2008) Opium sales leaped. The trade spread from its original centre at Macao to nearby Lintin and by 1837 had reached the coast of Fukien, farther East. There they delivered their goods to Chinese smugglers in swift river boats called fast crabs which headed for the opium dens (Pelissier, 1967). In the 1760s, China received about 1,000 chests of opium. This increased to about 10,000 chests in the 1820s. However, after free trade began in 1833, this amount reached 40,000 chests of opium by 1838 (Rodzinski, 1984; Holt, 1964; Gelber, 2006). The opium crisis had become as much of an irritant to China as the refusal of equal status was to Britain (Pelissier, 1967; Holt, 1964). This massive increase in opium smuggling into China became a recipe for war. The Effects of Opium on China Chinas history with opium dates back to the 7th century when it was taken orally for medicinal purposes (Holt, 1964; Pelissier, 1967). After The Dutch introduced tobacco into Fukien and Formosa in 1620, the Chinese began smoking opium mixed with tobacco (Hays, 2008; Holt, 1964). By 1729, China was augmenting home-grown product by importing foreign opium from Portuguese traders. The damaging effect of opium smoking in China eventually led the Chinese Emperor to completely prohibit both home-grown cultivation and foreign importation of this pernicious article in 1780 (Holt,1964). Apart from Portugal which actually began the importation of opium into China, French and Dutch companies were also involved in the trade within their limits. American firms also had their share in smuggling opium into China (Holt, 1964). Corruption Trade relations with the West had always been organized according to the Canton system since the middle of the 18th century as Westerners were only allowed to trade in Canton. The Cohong was a group of Chinese firms exclusively responsible for trade with the West and fixed prices and volume of trade. The Cohong was responsible to the notoriously corrupt hoppo who received huge bribes from Hong merchants and members of the Cohong (Chesneauk, Bsatid Bergere, 1977). The vested interests that controlled the opium trade within China included the foreign merchants, Chinese middle men and corrupt Chinese officials. These corrupt official encouraged smuggling with little attempts at concealment. Even the Chinese fleet of ships stationed to prevent smuggling did nothing as long as they were duly paid a fixed charge on each smuggled chest of opium by the Chinese buyers. On occasions where the Chinese purchasers fell behind in payments, the foreign merchants were well too willing to oblige the admiral of the fleet with the payments (Allingham, 2006; Holt, 1964; The Free Dictionary, 2010). Massive corruption resulting from opium smuggling posed a major problem of authority that challenged the ability of the state to rule. This was the general pattern of trade that provoked the opium war. Canton and other ports of the Southeast regularly visited illegally by foreign vessels had become oases of corruption and insubordination (Chesneauk, Bsatid Bergere, 19 77). Addiction Figure Opium Den in China (Hays, 2008) While debates raged on in Britain about the moral sanction of the opium trade in China and about whose responsibility it was to stop the illegal trade- the British Government or the Chinese Government?(Holt, 1964), opium dens populated China. The effective aphrodisiac nature of the drug promoted obscenity. Smokers lay in stupor on wooden couches, their minds filled with fantasies and blissful emotions (Holt, 1964; Hays, 2008). Eventually, most of them were unable to work, business activities became significantly reduced and the civil service was almost completely paralysed (Holt, 1964; Allingham, 2006). According to Allingham, the smoking of opium had affected the idle rich and more significantly, about 90 percent of all men under the age of forty in Chinas coastal regions. Sleepy addicts roamed the streets in their thousands causing many social problems and increasing the crime rate significantly as they searched for means to enable them support their habit (Wudi, 2002). According t o Hays (2008), Emperor Tao-kuangs special High Commissioner Lin Tse-hsu estimated that 4 million Chinese people got addicted to opium but a British physician working in Canton puts the figure at about 12 million. Such was the level of addiction that led to the opium war. Even though Britain was aware of this level of addiction in China, it failed to respond positively to stop this decay. Chinese Economy This huge number of opium addicts required an equally huge supply of the drug. By 1838, opium represented 57 percent of Chinese imports (Allingham, 2006; Chesneauk, Bsatid Bergere, 1977). This took its toll on the Chinese economy. The sale of goods to Westerners was no longer sufficient for Chinese purchase of opium. Export of Chinese silver, prized by the West for its fine quality had to be employed to balance trade (Chesneauk, Bsatid Bergere, 1977; Asia for Educators, 2009). Even by 1833 when the East Indian Companys monopoly on trade ended, China already had a trade deficit of about 1.5 million to 2 million pounds a year that had to be paid in silver (Holt, 1964). This drain in Chinese silver caused inflation in its value within China and people had to pay more in copper for a fixed amount of silver (Holt, 1964). High Commissioner Lin Tse-hsu Emperor Tao-Kuang who was enthroned in 1820 had a fiery zeal for reform born out of genuine care for his people. He realised that the opium crisis required a radical cure (Holt, 1964). In 1838, after a great debate that involved most of Chinas top ranking officials in which a majority favoured an eradication of the opium trade while some advocated its legalization, Emperor Tao-Kuang commissioned a prominent official called Lin Tse-Hsu to go to Canton to eradicate the illicit opium trade that had become severely pervasive (Rodzinski, 1984; Chesneauk, Bsatid Bergere, 1977). Extremely heavy punishments that included the death penalty were promulgated for native opium traders (OBrien, 2010). According to Rodzinski (1984), Lin Tse-hsu was known for his integrity, justice, compassion and consideration for others. However, his attempt to carry out his assignment was fundamentally the immediate cause of the opium war (Teng Fairbank, 1954; Rodzinski, 1984; Hooker, 1996). Figure Artist Impression of Lin Tse-hsu (ChinaA2Z.Com, 2010) When Lin arrived in Canton in March 1839, he began his mission by appealing to everyone, especially the foreign merchants, to co-operate with him in the suppression of opium smoking. He then ordered all foreign merchants to surrender to the Imperial Government all supplies of opium held in store-ships in Lintin. In addition every foreign merchant was given a three day ultimatum to sign a bond vowing to stop importing opium and agree that any default would lead to confiscation of the illegal cargo and execution of the defaulter (Holt, 1964; OBrien, 2010). According to Holt, under enormous pressure 20,000 chests of British opium were turned over to Lin which he destroyed but Captain Charles Elliot (then Chief of the Commission) refused to allow British merchants sign the bonds. However a drunken brawl involving British and American sailors at a Kowloon village resulted in the death of a Chinese citizen called Lin Wei-hi. This brought more tension to the Anglo-Chinese crisis and directl y resulted to an Aglo-Chinese war (Holt, 1964). According to Holt, Lin had insisted that foreigners involved in Lin Wei-his death be handed over for trial. Captain Elliot refused, fearing unjust capital punishment as had occurred in the past. This led to a ban imposed by Lin on supplies of provisions and Chinese labour to the entire British community in Macao. Soon after, the British community was expelled from Macao to the barren island of Hong Kong. The effect was devastating on the community. In defiance however, Captain Elliot proceeded to arrange for supplies of food from the local peasantry backed by the 28-gun frigate which opened fire on some Chinese war junks that tried to prevent deliver of these supplies. This marked the beginning of military hostilities between Britain and China (Holt, 1964). Aggrieved, especially because British merchants in response to Captain Elliots orders had refused to resume normal trading in Canton after they were expelled from Macao, Lin issued a formal war threat accompanied with a demand for all British merchant ships in Chinese territory to resume trade in Canton within three days or leave the country. This again led to another military confrontation in which China sustained heavy losses and the whole Chinese fleet was forced to retreat as 29 war junks were no match for the British frigates (Holt 1964). Lin responded by writing a long letter to Queen Victoria (see appendix A) in which he argued that the Chinese cause pertained to Englands insistence on poisoning Chinese citizens with opium already banned in England. Many authors on the opium wars have expressed doubts that Lins letter ever got to the Queen. In 1840, Lin passed an edict that listed the crimes committed by British merchants and barring Britain from trading with China forever (Ho lt, 1964). The British Response Having reached a decision to go to war, Britain responded by issuing an ultimatum to China demanding that China returned all confiscated goods or paid the monetary equivalent, reparations for imprisoning the Chief Superintendent of trade and British merchants, and that British trade would be secured in future. Britain declared that if China did not meet these claims as well as sign a treaty with these claims incorporated, the war would continue. However, Britain acknowledged to China, its right to prohibit the import of opium but insisted that The Queen of England was obliged to protect her people from violence and ill treatment. Britain suggested that China should have dealt instead with its corrupt official who connived in the opium trade. Britain certainly took this position to protect her economic interest by forcing China into maintaining trade. By barring trade with Britain, China had provided the opportunity for Britain to exploit grievances Britain already had. This was the deciding factor that led to the Opium wars. Conclusion Chinas arrogance born out of a sense of cultural superiority created tension that significantly affected its relationship with Westerners. This was particularly evident in Chinas refusal to consider a mutually favourable balanced trade with western nations. But for this arrogance, Lin Tse-hsu would have immediately recognized that the Chinese military was inferior to the British and hence he would have adopted a more diplomatic approach rather than threaten war. His actions in trying to eradicate opium smoking and smuggling led directly to the opium war. Chinas seclusion prevented proper diplomatic relationship with the West. This vital requirement between nations could have prevented a war, but instead it bred grievances that were significant to the Anglo-Chinese war. Such grievances encouraged Britain to promote free trade which led to an increase in opium smuggling, corruption and insubordination. Opium smuggling also resulted in Chinas increased opium addiction and subsequent destruction of lives, families, the Chinese society and degradation of the Chinese economy. This caused great concern to the Chinese Government and thus increased tensions between both countries The British desire to balance trade with china, establish proper diplomatic relations and be treated as equal to China were important factors that provoked the opium war. This was partly due to commercial greed. As a result, even though Britain recognized the damage opium had done in China, she failed in her moral and legal duty not to encourage or participate in smuggling opium into China, especially after it had been banned in Britain. Finally, Britains decision to go to war with china because it wanted to protect its citizens from Chinese unfair treatment was only an excuse that was justifiable in part. However, it was mainly to protect its economic interest with China by forcing China to continue trade which China had prohibited. A decision Britain took with the realization of the extent of Chinese military inferiority. This factor encouraged Britain to go to war.